Experimental Analysis of Single-Phase Transformer Efficiency Under Various Load Conditions

• Aditya Wahyu Setiawan

  Universitas Negeri Malang

  Penulis

• Ivan Joan Diantha

  Universitas Tulungagung

  Penulis

This study presents an experimental analysis of the efficiency performance of a single-phase transformer under various load conditions. The experiment was conducted using a 500 VA single-phase transformer with a 220 V primary voltage and a 12 V secondary voltage. Electrical parameters including input voltage, input current, output voltage, output current, input power, and output power were measured directly using electrical measuring instruments under no-load, 25%, 50%, 75%, and full-load conditions. The obtained data were used to evaluate transformer efficiency and power losses. The experimental results show that transformer efficiency increased as the load level increased, with the highest efficiency of 93.06% achieved at full-load condition. In addition, the output voltage slightly decreased as the load increased due to the internal impedance and winding resistance of the transformer. The analysis also indicates that transformer power losses increased with increasing load current, mainly because of copper losses in the transformer windings. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate that the single-phase transformer operates more efficiently near its rated load capacity and maintains stable performance under varying load conditions.

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